Step 1: Assess Threats and Risks
The first task in completing your IT Continuity Plan is having a clear idea of how IT assets are vulnerable to threats and what level of protection you have in place. This means you need to know what assets you have, the specific risks to those assets, and what steps you have taken to secure them.
Info-Tech Tip: These steps are critical for any company developing a DRP. The tools suggested are designed to support these steps for organizations with any number of IT assets and associated risk.
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1.1 Inventory Corporate Assets
This is an exhaustive list of all IT assets in the organization, including hardware, software, routers, firewalls, desktops, contact information, and so on. Be sure to keep the inventory in a secure location once it is completed.
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- Information Risk Management: Leaping Beyond IT Security
- Chief Risk Officer: A New Role for Your Enterprise
- Automated Tools Practical Choice for Managing Software Assets
- Where Does It Hurt? Perform a Risk and Business Impact Analysis
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1.2 Identify Threats/Risks Specific to Assets
Here you will determine and record what types of threats exist for specific assets. Tools will be provided to help you identify specific risks, be they natural or man-made. When completing this step, ensure that likelihoods are carefully considered. After all, while it is possible that terrorists could attack the data center, the likelihood of this occurring is incredibly remote for the vast majority of companies. The data center is far more likely to suffer a water leak than a terrorist attack.
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1.3 Identify Existing Mitigation
Now that IT has identified assets and determined any risks to those assets, it’s time to examine what is currently being done to protect assets. The operational analysis is therefore a good exercise for uncovering any holes in current security and protective operations.
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1.4 Summarize the Operational Analysis
Here, you will document the results of the operational analysis. This will provide management and stakeholders with a concise summary of actions taken so far.
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Step 2: Assess Data Center Vulnerabilities
Given that most of the IT assets of any organization reside within the all-important data center, it is crucial to conduct an audit of the data center and to assess the probability of a disaster (or a security breach) occurring in this area.
Info-Tech Tip: In addition to identifying areas of weakness for the DRP, an audit of the data center provides a general assessment of data center security that can be provided to external auditors for compliance.
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2.1 Conduct An Audit of the Data Center
This comprehensive, Excel-based tool is designed to walk you through a complete review of data center operations, physical security, etc. This tool will automatically generate recommendations for improving the security and resilience of the data center based on audit results. The Advanced version of this tool includes calculations for measuring risk against desired and current security states.
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2.2 Conduct Probability Assessments
Probabilities of negative events occurring in the data center are calculated using this tool. Outputs from this tool will be entered into the 2.1 tool where instructed.
- The "Compliance Checklist" is designed for those companies for which legislative compliance for changes to production systems is a concern.
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Step 3: Confirm DRP/Business Context
This step is comprised of only a single task, using two tools to document important information. Documenting key stakeholders at this point is important in order to get everyone on board once risks and business impact have been identified for corporate assets. This allows you to come to the table with some DRP information already complete.
Info-Tech Tip: Using the DRP workbook provides you with an opportunity to hone your communication skills when conversing with business managers and other stakeholders. Be sure to clearly outline what you hope to achieve in your discussions with them.
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3.1 Document Business Structure and Key Stakeholders
Interviewing stakeholders is a critical task for achieving consensus during the DRP initiative and getting everyone on the same page. This exercise will include such information-gathering as: stakeholder analysis; DRP project goal and definition statements; business unit listings; dependencies of IT resources; and contact information of key stakeholders. The Call Tree tool will also provide you with a list of important contacts to communicate with should the DRP ever be invoked.
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Step 4: Assign Value to IT Assets
Before the enterprise spends any budget dollars on a DRP, IT must first work with various business units to determine the actual value of the assets that need protection. After all, no one would spend $1 million to protect an asset that is only worth $50,000 (including loss of revenue due to downtime of the asset and other factors).
Info-Tech Tip: Completing these tools will assist you in defining the value of your assets, and will also demonstrate to upper management the need for additional funding to protect the most critical aspects of the DRP.
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4.1 Plan Against Downtime/Loss of Asset
This downtime policy template will help create a baseline for what is considered acceptable or planned downtime of systems and applications. Most assets do not require five-nines or six-nines availability, so a written policy should help determine their relative value.
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4.2 Conduct a Business Impact Analysis
The business impact analysis is one of the most important elements of any DRP. All IT shops are strongly encouraged to complete these tools to help calculate the actual cost of downtime or asset loss due to a disaster or attack. The follow-up tool, "Technical Risk Analysis Report," will guide you through the process of further documenting risks as they relate to your network’s topology.
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- How to Calculate Downtime
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Step 5: Assign Prioritization to Assets
Once threats to assets have been identified, probabilities determined, and the cost of threats estimated, it is time to prioritize which assets must be brought back online first in the event of a disaster.
Info-Tech Tip: You are strongly encouraged to complete these steps and their corresponding tools, as they (along with the business impact analysis from Step 4) will form the heart of your DRP.
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5.1 Prioritize Recovery by Impact to Business Units
Now that you have defined which assets are most critical, it’s time to draw the connection between those critical assets and the business units that would be most impacted by the loss of those assets. This basic tool documents the relationship between critical applications and business units.
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- Calculate IRR to Quickly Prioritize Lengthy Project Lists
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5.2 Document Prioritized Recovery List
Using the "Recovery Prioritization Meeting" tool presented in this step, document worst-case scenarios, cost of downtime, and other DR information for hardware, software, and IT services. Then list such assets in order of priority for recovery efforts. This list will form the basis of which assets must be brought back online first in the event of a disaster.
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Step 6: Determine Costs vs. Risk Tradeoff
Now that you know which assets are critical and the steps required to improve resiliency, there is still the task of justifying those efforts through return on investment (ROI) calculations. Offsite DRP efforts are treated separately here because of the elevated costs of building a hot site or cold site to house redundant servers, storage, desktops, and so on.
Info-Tech Tip: Bear in mind that this step is for discovering the ROI of fixing vulnerabilities that currently exist in the organization, not for the DRP project itself.
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6.1 Conduct ROI Studies
Highly-critical assets may require some further investment before they can be disaster resilient. Use the "Mitigation Project ROI & Prioritization Tool" to gain a clear understanding of what a return on investment means to IT. Document and justify expenditures necessary for meeting the goals of the DRP. Only use the advanced "Return on Security Investment Calculator" worksheet if planning to implement security-specific solutions to beef up the DRP initiative. Now add such projects into IT’s overall project portfolio.
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- Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Calculator
- Virtual Servers Lower Business Continuity Costs
- Cost/Benefit Analysis Tool
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Step 7: Maintain Risk Plans
In order for the to DRP to execute as expected, risk plans must be maintained and kept current, particularly as the company grows, which can change its threat profile. In order to keep risk plans and profiles current, two tasks must be carried out.
Info-Tech Tip: Larger companies may need to spend more time on their risk reports and tracking, as more complex infrastructures have a greater number of assets, and therefore higher risk. For smaller companies, the risk management process does not have to be an onerous one. Therefore, please use these tools accordingly.
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7.1 Create Asset-Specific Risk Reports
The "Asset Risk Report" tool is designed to help you create finalized risk profiles for various assets across the enterprise. The reports specifically look at the human, operational, technological, and natural disaster aspects of risk.
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7.2 Document, Track, and Manage Risks
Because threats can change, it is important to continually monitor risks over time. Use the "Risk Management Spreadsheet" to plot out threats, risks, and cost of exposure, as identified in earlier steps.
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