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A sizeable number of US states and Canadian provinces are taking on electronic waste recycling as part of larger green agendas. The main reason governments are doing this is to prevent the release of toxic materials into the environment. According to Californians Against Waste, electronic waste now accounts for about 70% of toxic heavy metals in landfills. A secondary goal is the establishment of a cost-recovery revenue stream for valuable materials extracted from electronics, but the upfront capital investments for recycling programs and operations must first be digested by governments.
Governments generally take one of three legislative approaches:
In all three scenarios, consumers and businesses do bear the cost of recycling programs; however, no-cost programs tax all citizens indirectly while per-unit fees charged to manufacturers or consumers match the cost of recycling to those who buy the product, and when.
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